Architectural Determinism Shaping Behavior Through The...

Architectural Determinism: Shaping Behavior Through The Built Environment Kara Boboski Boboskik@gmail.com 7723941 Everyday we live and move through spaces without realizing the influence they can have on our daily lives. Built environments are designed to directly affect behaviour and attitudes in a specific and intended way; this can be referred to as architectural determinism (Marmot 2002). Almost all architectural patterns use the physical arrangement of elements, and materials to influence behavior. This can range from placing design elements in specific places to encourage or discourage people’s interaction with them, placing them to prevent access to a specific area, or placing them to direct or†¦show more content†¦Design plays a big role in the environment of hospitals, and more importantly the recovery of patients. Many problems in hospitals such as infection control can be solved with the simplest solution of the placement of the sink or sanitizing station at the point of use. The Florida Hospital Waterman located in Tavares sits in the heart of the landscape, which hap pens to be home to many endangered birds, allowing nature and human to coexist (Hitechos 2014). Rising to 20,000 square feet and with windows on all sides, the facilities atrium provides visitors scenic views of the lakes and wooded areas that surround the facility as seen in figure 1 (Kroll 2004). Figure 1 (Architizer n.d.) The atrium encompasses a hotel like atmosphere rather than one of a hospital, including plants, a fountain, and even a piano. One key factor that can contribute to patient stress is the navigation of hospital facilities (Ulrich, et al. 2004, 19). To approach this issue the design incorporates brightly colored â€Å"way finding† elements, including two large â€Å"tensioned structures of PTFE architectural fabric membrane† as seen in figure 2 (Florida Hospital Waterman n.d.). This allows patients and visitors to find specific entrances and spaces both inside and outside the facility with ease. The atrium acts as the central hub for theShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesthe natural world and made for major advances in medicine and health care were very often offset by the degradation of the global environment and massive spurts in excessive mortality brought on by warfare, famine, periodic genocidal onslaughts, and worldwide epidemics. In no previous epoch of history was war so vilified and peace so consciously pursued through the establishment of international organizations and diplomatic exchanges. Despite these endeavors, the levels of domestic and internationalRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesdifferent intellectual traditions that contribute to our understanding of organizations. Professor Tomas Mà ¼llern, Jà ¶nkà ¶ping International Business School, Sweden . McAuley, Duberley and Johnson’s Organizational Theory takes you on a joyful ride through the developments of one of the great enigmas of our time – How should we understand the organization? Jan Ole Similà ¤, Assistant Professor, Nord-Trà ¸ndelag University College, Norway I really enjoyed this new text and I am sure my students will enjoyRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesof controls and financial information in organizations and society. He is interested in translations and interpretations of (numerical) representations (e.g. as in budgets, financial reports, non-financial indicators, and profitability analysis) through the contexts they help to illuminate. His interests include intellectual capital and knowledge management, technology management, operations management, new accounting, and management control. Mouritsen is currently editorial board member of fifteen

Standardized Testing Should Be Standardized Tests

Pretty much everybody in this generation has taken a standardized test in some level of schooling. A standardized test is defined as a â€Å"test that requires all test takers to answer the same questions, or a selection of questions from a common bank of questions, in the same way, and that is scored in a standard or consistent manner, which makes it possible to compare the relative performance of individual students or groups of students† (â€Å"Standardized Test Definition†). There is lots of debate around the country about whether or not standardized testing is actually beneficial to students. On one hand it is said that standardized testing causes many teachers to only â€Å"teach to the test,† and they only evaluate a student s individual performance on one day rather than their improvement throughout the year (â€Å"What You Need to Know About Standardized Testing†). The other side claims that standardized testing holds teachers and students account able for the required information, and the tests allow students from all over the country to be compared. Many of the groups that advocate for standardized testing, outside of the government, include the NAACP, the National Urban League, and other organizations. These civil rights groups value equal opportunity, and want all students to be placed on an even playing field within the world of education. The term standardized test is a broad term that encompasses not only tests such as the ACT and SAT, but also tests primarily taken throughoutShow MoreRelatedThe Pros And Cons Of Standardized Testing1177 Words   |  5 PagesStandardized testing is a no Growing up in Chesapeake every student is forced to take a standardized test at the end of every class they take. Standardized testing has been a part of the educational system for so long that everyone is just accustomed to taking these tests or giving them out. Standardized testing does not just effect the students but it also effects the teachers. Chesapeake School Board should get rid of standardized testing in all grade levels because of different learning styleRead MoreEmphasis on Standardized Testing Essay1525 Words   |  7 Pagescareer, students are required to take standardized tests to show their progress and if they meet certain requirements they could qualify them for higher educational opportunities. Some common standardized test include: Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT), American College Testing (ACT), Medical College Admission Test (MCAT), Missouri Assessment Program (MAP), and Virginia Standards of Learning (SOL). Standardized tests are designed so that each person taking the test has the same chance to do well so thatRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Standardized Testing1286 Words   |  6 Pagesgraduate because of their poor scores on standardized tests. Students all over the United States are forced to participate in statewide standardized tests each year. Many claim that standardized testing allows for teachers to help their students easier, and that it holds school districts accountable. While school mandated standardized testing can be useful, statewide standardized testing is ineffective and negatively impacts students. Standardized tests can cause unnecessary stress on, alreadyRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography Essay1319 Words   |  6 PagesAlternatives to Standardized Tests:. (n.d.). Retrieved February 3, 2015, from http://www.rethinkingschools.org/restrict.asp?path=archive/13_03/assess.shtml This article speaks about different approaches at the end of the grading period as opposed to using standardized testing. Other ideas are evaluation of the work the student has done throughout the year, or quarter. This would take the place of using a pen and pencil test like the standardized test we currently use. An alternative to standardized testingRead MoreStandardized Testing Is Not Beneficial1702 Words   |  7 PagesStandardized Testing In the world today standardized testing is mandatory in all schools whether they are public or private. If schools continue to make these test mandatory, students grades will show the reflection of what they are not learning. The school might also receive less state funding due to poor performance on these tests. Once No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) was introduced US students slipped from 18th in the world in math in 2000 to 31st in 2009 (Standardized). Standardized testingRead MoreThe Benefits Of Standardized Testing887 Words   |  4 PagesStandardized Testing is Not Valuable Standardized testing, what is considered to be a fair and balanced way of evaluating a student’s academic progress, is an incredibly controversial topic. The most well known standardized tests are the PSAT, ACT, SAT, and SAT II. Each of these standardized tests share a similar protocol: all students are to have the same set of questions and are to be scored in a â€Å"standard† manner (the usage of a computerized system). The makers and educators of the standardizedRead MoreA Brief Note On Death With Standardized Testing1471 Words   |  6 PagesDeath with Standardized Testing High-stakes standardized is a hot topic all across the United States at the moment. Some people are for it while others are against it. As many would argue, standardized testing provides a benchmark for student’s progress in the classroom and that it holds teachers and students accountable for their work. On the contrary, standardized testing is more destructive to a student and even a teacher’s educational experiences. Therefore, standardized testing such as theRead MoreStandardized Tests And Its Adequacy993 Words   |  4 PagesThe debate on standardized tests and its adequacy in testing a student’s knowledge about a subject has been going on for many years. Tests, in general, has been around for centuries and without them there would not be progress and no gleams of progress. Students ranging from elementary school to high school have experienced standardized testing. Teachers, educators, and parents are also involved in the students’ lives, which rev olves around the tests, one way or another. There are many views on standardizedRead More The Controversy of Standardized Testing Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesControversy of Standardized Testing â€Å"No issue in the U.S. Education is more controversial than (standardized) testing. Some people view it as the linchpin of serious reform and improvement, others as a menace to quality teaching and learning† (Phelps). A tool that educators use to learn about students and their learning capabilities is the standardized test. Standardized tests are designed to give a common measure of a student’s performance. Popular tests include the SAT, IQ tests, Regents ExamsRead MoreStandardized Testing Is The Best Way For Measure Students Intelligence Levels1155 Words   |  5 Pagesis theorized to have been said by Albert Einstein and can easily be applied to standardized testing in our schooling system. Although some think that standardized testing is the best way to measure students intelligence levels, research suggests that it is ineffective due to factors such as not testing over all subjects, changing how schools teach, discrimination, and the mindset that it creates, therefore colleges should not use them in their admission process. â€Å"The first of many flaws with the ACT

Enemy Mine Fiction or Reality free essay sample

Description Enemy mine is an excellent movie of scientific fiction made in 1985 in which two involved warriors in a wild future war between the Earth and the Dracon planet, where in a middle of a spaceship fight they are forced to land in a desolate and inhospitable planet. The principle, the human being (Dennis Quaid) and its enemy, a foreign reptile (Louis Gosset, Jr) are determined to mutual destruction. But after face the forces of nature and one to the other, the two lost pilots gradually perceive that the only way to remain alive is surpassing the mortal hatred. The Plot In the 21 century human and Dracs fight for the right of universe, a Dracon (Jeriba) and the human (Davidge) while battling both crash-landing in Fyrine IV. After initial hostilities, the two eventually learn to cooperate to be able to survive. They work together to construct a shelter for protection, and to satisfy its necessities for the food, the water, and the heat. We will write a custom essay sample on Enemy Mine Fiction or Reality? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They learn to surpass their differences, they become friends, and they learn each other languages, cultures and religion which have similar words. Later, Jeriba facing death while giving birth teaches Davidge its full ancestry, a necessity of its child (Zammis) must be accepted in the society of Drac. Davidge raises Zammis as its own child. On the years, Davidge and Zammis have a special connection, as Zammis relates to Davidge as his uncle. Davidge realize there are humans mining the planet to gather minerals called ore, and knows that they use Dracs as slaves, and Davidge tried to protect Zammis to be captured or killed. Zammis however, does not realize the danger and go to look the spaceship, and he is captured by the miners and Davidge is injured in the attempt to save the Child Drac. Davidge is left in planet surface, a ship of B. T. A patrol finds Davidge unconscious, and takes him to the space station where he was living before disappear in Fyrine IV. In the station, Davidge confused to be dead, but awakes when one of the engineers tries to steal the small book that Jeriba had given years to Davidge when he whished to learn the language of Drac. The patrol and doctors discovered that Davidge speaks fluent the Dracon language. Some day later, Davidge is reestablished to the duty, and steals a fighter and goes back to Fyrine IV where the miners kept Zammis. Davidge manages to find the ship and the slaves of Drac where they helped Davidge to surpass the human and eventually find Zammis. Davidge helps also take all the slaves of Drac in return to their planet and a ceremony of introduction of Zammis in way that can be accepted in the society of Drac. The Conclusion This history shows us an uniformity between two different races, a human and alien, both races hate them selves without knowing their history, culture, religion and language. But because they were trapped in a hostile planet they were force to work together in order to survive, they learned each other, language, culture and religion and the human realize that even a Alien has something alike the bible. They become friends and even show an event where the Alien gives a birth and die after and the human raises the child alien as if was his own child. This history seems very alike with our actual society where the hatred is spread around the world, people hate each other just because their differences, culture, religion and sometimes even the language. As in the movie shows how humans can be terrible, as our society used to slavery innocent people just because their differences and forced them to work in our own benefit, this practice should be banned many years ago, but as we know in some places the slavery still in practice and some people just ignore the facts. But like in the movie it shows also when our society face difficulties make us to recognize that this world does not belong to only one specific race, religion, culture or language and we need to work together in order to survive. We can forget that we are in the same planet, sharing and facing issues, not matter what the belief, culture or language is. To survive we need to work together, tried to understand the difference between other races and not neglect them. The humans might take few more hundreds of years to change, but I believe that one day we will have peace among our world.

Essay on Rape Has Often Been Deployed As an Effective Weapon of War

Question: Write an essay on "Rape has often been deployed as an effective 'weapon of war'." Answer: Introduction Rape in war was recorded as a crime in 1474. Before that it was seen as a trophy for war. Rape in war was a time honored military policy at that time; soldiers used to rape women of the enemy as a part of victory and as a weapon to terrorize and mortify the enemy to remove them from the area. Wartime rape was different from sexual violence. It was used as a weapon by male soldiers of one country against the unarmed women civilians of another country. The strategy behind rape was to capture, torture, rape, kill, and forcefully impregnate the women to bear enemy kids. Thus, preventing them from expanding their own nation (Uvin Peter, 1988). During the wars the male used to consider them reproducers of nation and thus targets them against the national violence. In the below paragraphs, an explanation how rape was seen as a weapon in war. The history when rape was started is explained, the Bosnia and Kosovo war is explained, the Sierra Leone conflict is explained, Sexual violence in Bur ma is explained, and the use of war as a weapon by U.S. forces is also explained. In all these wars and conflicts how rape was used as a weapon is explained in detail. The paragraphs also show the value and existence of women in ancient times. Rape is a tool, a strategy, a plan, policy where the penis is a justified weapon to defeat the unarmed females. The earliest point when rape was said as a weapon of war was in 1863 in the Articles 44 47 of Lieber code describes, Rape is prohibited under the penalty of death. It was only in 1949 rape was considered as a crime and was stated in Article 27 of IV Geneva Convention stating protection of women against rape. However, the cruelties against women continued till 1972 with same pace despite of Geneva conventions. After that even in 2008 United Nations observed rape is widely violation against women but still it is least condemn war crime (Mackenzie, 2010). Thus, it was suggested Rape is a weapon of war. Finally, the Group of eight in 2013 agreed on a declaration to stop violence, conflicts, and more to be done to boycott the myth that war is inevitable consequence of war. In past methodical use of rape as a tactic of war is employed in many of the conflicts. The strategy was used in Bosnia and Kosovo and in the civil wars in Rwanda, Liberia and Uganda (Mibenge Chiseche, 2008). According to history, rape was also used as a tactic in Bangladeshs war for independence, anti-Chinese riots in Indonesia and by the Japanese soldiers in China and Korea during World War II (Sharlach, 2000). Evidences in Bosnian war suggests that rape was a rite of initiation. The fellow Serbs were imposed in to a brotherhood of guilt by being forced to rape. The soldiers who refused to rape were humiliated and even killed (Bracewell, 2000). This clearly pictures how rape was a weapon. From northern part of Bosnia, Cvijetin Maksimovie was one who was forced to perform rape attacks. In Bosnia, it was to make the distinction between groups Serbs, Muslims and Croats. A large number of rapes were reported during the Bosnia war. The estimate suggests around 20,000 to 50, 000 rape vi ctims exist. The rape was done in the victims houses, in brothels, and some in rape camps. The most terrible act was the forced impregnation that was practiced in rape camps in Brcko, Dboj, Foca, Gorazde, Kalinobik, Vesegrad, Keatern, Luka, Manjaca, Osmarka and Tronopolje. Women in these rape camps were raped daily until they gynaecologist confirms the pregnancy and were jailed till the period where abortion is not possible. The child from these motherss was given for ethnic cleansing afterwards (Boose, 2000). Another empirical illustration is from the conflict of Sierra Leone during the year 1991-2001 were infinite atrocities were carried by the opponent forces (Diken Laustsen, 2005). To show the power, the opponents used use sexually exploits the civilian populations. During the civil wars, civilian males were attacked and females were sexually exploited. The sexual exploitation consisted of gang rape, sexual assault and slavery. Human Rights Watch a NGO has documented several cases in which the fathers were forced to see the rape of their daughter child and small boys of age around 11 raping a middle age female (Kelsall, Michelle, Shanee, 2007). Additionally, knives, guns, and sticks were inserted in to the vagina of females to cause genital mutilation and spread sexually transmitted diseases like HIV, syphilis etc. The rebel forces abducted females in to act of slavery and forced marriages. They were brutally harmed and beaten up by the child soldiers. The reason to behind sexual vio lence was to terrorize the civilian men by humiliating and raping their women (Sydney Morning Herald, 2009). This laid an impact on the civilian population that they are so weak and cant even protect their women. In the above case histories it can be seen sexual violence was more of intended to break the taboos and undermine cultural values. Sexual exploitation was majorly used as a weapon to threaten the civilian population, to make them weak and gain over power them. Sex in all the wars was never seen a way to fulfill the lust and gain pleasure but, by the rebel powers it was seen like a weapon to defeat their enemies. The same way of sexual violence was also seen Rwanda, Somalia, DRC, Ivory Coast, Liberia and Zimbabwe. From year 2004-2008 in Eastern DRC rape was used as a major weapon and thousands of girls and women were raped in this short span of four years. There are many documentaries made on the rape incidences that took in Democratic Republic of Congo during the period of civil wars (Cockburn, 2010). The major conflict started in eastern part of Congo in 1988. This later, was continued by the army and become the "Africa's World War" which caused death of about 5.4 million people. It was the deadliest conflict after the World War II which utilized the same idea of using women as weapon of war. The statistics of United Nations shows that around 8000 women were raped in the conflict of 2009. The Harvard Humanitarian Initiative report of April shows that about 60% of the female victims in one part of the country were attacked by the rebel military forces and around half of them were gang raped. The country of Burma is another example where rape was used by the regimen to control their people and arm the enemies. The military men from Burma raped females Shan, Kachin, Chin, Karen, Mon, Karenni and Arakan states. A female Ma Lang, was brutally raped by the Burmese in a forest and all the male hostage were instructed to watch and drink poisoned alcohol. Langs parents reported the case to military authorities but received no response. Yet another case, took place were a female was hung on a cross naked, derisive the Christian religion. This case indicated how sexual exploitation and violence was deliberately used as a weapon to threaten and torture local ethnic peoples (Soreanu, 2010). The rapes were majorly gang rape and were done by officers showing that there is understanding between the officers and have the right to rape without any consequence. These incidences show that rape was acceptable by the troops and were acceptable and encouraged by them. The regime troops raised their voice and concerns about the sexual violence and by the UN Special Reporter for Human Rights in Burma. In spite of this, the SPDC denied it and rape was continued. Another shocking case study regarding rape was among the U.S. forces and was accused of using the rape technique against Iraqis. The CBS News channel published pictures that shows sexual abuse and torture of the Iraqis in the Abu Ghraib prison. There are several pictures that picture an American soldier raping a women prisoner and another male soldier raping a male prisoner (Copelon Rhonda, 2000). Pictures on sexual abuse are also released. In that some pictures show sexual violence of female prisoners by inserting objects like light tubes, wire and other sharp objects their vaginas and forcefully stripping the ladies to show their breasts. All the details were given by the Major General Antonio Taguba, an army officer who conducted the inquiry in Abu Ghraib jail in Iraq. It was seen in these fights the commanders and officers of the jail were the ones who threatened the prisoners and raped them. The evidences say not only females but also males were rape in Abu Gharib jail. All the se things suggest that rape was allowed and there were no consequences of it. The U.S. forces raped the prisoners to show how powerful they are in front of them. Rape was a sword to shut the prisoners mouth and threaten them so as they can never stand for themselves. It was used in the same way in U.S. as a weapon to defeat the enemies (Schauer, 1987). Rape in war and conflicts was never seen as a crime in ancient times. In fact, it was seen as a necessity to to defeat and show power over the troops. Rape was more of seen as a courageous act which was conducted by the powerful armies, officers and commanders. Rape was more of a reward for the winning team as the opponents was defeated leaving behind their children and women. It was also seen that the winners use to rape and the losers side use to publicize these rape incidences so as to gain sympathy from other nations and find a reason to unite with them. By loosing side the publicizing was to take help from other nations and gain power by uniting with them. Men belonging to the conquered nation view their rape of women as an act of humiliation. The conquering soldiers after raping destroy the power, property of the conquered men (Mostov, 1995). Rape during war was to express the victory and as a tool rule and control the troops of the conquered nation. Rape of women and its usage in war was practiced in all major wars. The Second World War, the war of Bosnia, the Sierra Leona conflict has shown how possible suggestions as why rape was a weapon in war. The conquering nations used rape as a way to conquer the enemies (Mertus Julie, 2004). It was ironical how sex was seen as a weapon rather than an act of pleasure. Not only rape but, force impregnation was another ironical practice during all these wars. Ethnic cleansing was another such procedure practiced in Bosnia after procreation. The thought and the beliefs were only to show the power over the enemies. The women were the weakest being that existed in ancient times. There were just seen as a thing which can be captured by anyone by just raping them. The essay seems to bring upon an idea of how much values and existence women had in ancient times. The other ironical thing was that rape was never considered as a crime in spite the Geneva conventions rule that sexual violence shoul d be stopped and the oppressor would be punished. It was seen there was no law to protect and safeguard women which is a major reason to use them as a weapon in war. So many docmnetries show the practice of such things in ancient times. Although this practice has been stopped to a larger extent but its painful to read about such practices. References Boose, L. (2002). Crossing the River Drina: Bosnian rape camps, Turkish impalement and Serb cultural memory, Signs, 28(1): 71-96 Bracewell,W. (2000). 'Rape In Kosovo: masculinity and Serbian nationalism', Nations and Nationalism, 6(4): 563-590. Cockburn, C. (2010). Gender relations as causal in militarization and war: A feminist standpoint. International Feminist Journal of Politics 12(2): 139157. Copelon, Rhonda. (2000). Integrating crimes against women into international criminal law. McGill Law Journal 46: 217240 Diken, B. Laustsen, C.B. (2005) Becoming abject: Rape as a weapon of war. Body and Society 11(1): 111128. Kelsall, Michelle, S., Shanee, S. (2007). When we wanted to talk about rape: Silencing sexual violence at the Special Court for Sierra Leone. International Journal of Transitional Justice 1: 355 374. Mackenzie, M. (2010) Securitizing sex? Towards a theory of the utility of wartime sexual violence. International Feminist Journal of Politics 12(2): 202221 Mertus Julie. (2004). The impact of international trials for wartime rape on womens agency. The International Journal of Feminist Politics 6: 110128 Mibenge Chiseche. (2008). Gender and ethnicity in Rwanda: On legal remedies for victims of wartime sexual violence. In Gender, violent conflict, and development, ed. Dubravka Zarkov, 145179 Mostov, J. (1995). Our women/their women: symbolic boundaries, territorial markers, and violence in the Balkans, Peace Change, 20(4): 515-529. Schauer, F. (1987) Causation theory and the causes of sexual violence. American Bar Foundation Research Journal 12(4): 737770 Sharlach, L. (2000) Rape as genocide: Bangladesh, the Former Yugoslavia, and Rwanda. New Political Science 22(1): 89102. Soreanu, R. (2010). Feminist creativities and the disciplinary imaginary of International Relations. International Political Sociology 4(4): 380400.

The role of the German banks and part they take in Essay Example For Students

The role of the German banks and part they take in Essay german companies, have been discussed and have served for quite a few controversial arguments. Originally during the 1980s Economists originally stated that it was good to have representatives in the individual companies, and having power within the company making decisions. Now in the 1990s their perception appears to have turned.What was at first seen as safety and conservativeness, is now called stiff, inflexible and short of creativity. The main reason for this discrepancy is the fact that the German system of old-age income security relies on the pay as you go principle. Fifteen percent of the pensions are funded, two thirds of these are private and the other one thirds are occupational funds.Doing it this way serves the purpose of having funds, and makes the process more tax efficient.If you compare the system to the U.S. you will agree that the flexibility and openness is much higher, and people are more willing to take a risk, over small long term profits, as the German banks. We will write a custom essay on The role of the German banks and part they take in specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This can be seen by looking at the amounts of outstanding bonds. The U.S. has about four times more bonds outstanding than Germany. Where in Germany these make up 95 Percent of the GDP compared to the U.S. with 122 percent. The percentage of shares held by institutional investors as insurance companies, pension funds, and mutual funds in make up for about half, if not more of the outstanding stocks. The main issuers in Germany are gvt entities. Where in the U.S. it is presented by great variety of issuers. German banks combine commercial and investment banking, that is they give loans and arrange equity and bond issues. However, holdings in the industrial companies, supervisory board mandates, and proxy voting rights provide further channels of influence on listed companies and from the main basis for the recurring debate on the power of banks. The supervisory board in a AG (Aktien Gesellschaft) is appointed by the shareholders and the employees 50/50. The chairperson is elected by a two-thirds majority vote of the supervisory members. The problems which have occured up to date are members which have enriched themselves by the priviledges of being on the board, by fraud and embezzlement. Another downfall is the efficiency of control, due to the fact of shareholder representatives not wanting to criticise board members since they perceive them as peers. The main companies listed are banks and government entities are mostly Involved in companies, when sitting on the supervisory board, now passed to have no more than a five percent shareholder of the companyBasic Government StructureUnder the German Constitution, known as the Basic Law, the FederalRepublic of German (FRG) is a parliamentary democracy with a bicamerallegislature, an independent judiciary and executive power exercised by aPrime Minister whose title is Chancellor. The lower house of Parliament, The Bundestag, currently consists of 672deputies elected for a 4-year term. Members are elected through a mixtureof direct constituency candidates and party lists. The Basic Law and theLaender (state) constitutions stipulate that parties must receive atleast 5 percent of the national vote (or at least three directly electedseats in federal elections) in order to be represented in the federal andstate parliaments. The last national elections took place on October 16,1994. One must be 18-years old in Germany to vote. The president may be elected to two 5-year terms and his duties as chiefof state are largely ceremonial. Executive power is exercised by theChancellor who is elected by and responsible to the Bundestag. TheChancellor cannot be removed from office during a 4-year term unless theBundestag has agreed on a successor. .u0b1973a011413651febd379bc60c496f , .u0b1973a011413651febd379bc60c496f .postImageUrl , .u0b1973a011413651febd379bc60c496f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0b1973a011413651febd379bc60c496f , .u0b1973a011413651febd379bc60c496f:hover , .u0b1973a011413651febd379bc60c496f:visited , .u0b1973a011413651febd379bc60c496f:active { border:0!important; } .u0b1973a011413651febd379bc60c496f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0b1973a011413651febd379bc60c496f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0b1973a011413651febd379bc60c496f:active , .u0b1973a011413651febd379bc60c496f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0b1973a011413651febd379bc60c496f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0b1973a011413651febd379bc60c496f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0b1973a011413651febd379bc60c496f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0b1973a011413651febd379bc60c496f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0b1973a011413651febd379bc60c496f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0b1973a011413651febd379bc60c496f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0b1973a011413651febd379bc60c496f .u0b1973a011413651febd379bc60c496f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0b1973a011413651febd379bc60c496f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Road Not Taken - An Analysis EssayThe upper house, the Bundesrat, is composed of delegations from the 16state governments and has a proportional distribution of its 68 votes,depending on the population of the state. The role of the Bundesrat islimited but it can exercise substantial veto powers over legislationpassed in the Bundestag when the proposed legislation would affect thenumerous prerogatives of the Laender. Among these are matters relating totax reform, law enforcement and the courts, culture and education, theenvironment, and social assistance. The political parties represented in the Bundestag are: The Christian Democratic Union and its Bavarian sister party, the Christian Social Union (CDU/CSU). The CDU/CSU is generally conservative on economic and social policy. The Social Democratic Party (SPD), which abandoned the concept of a class party in 1959 while continuing to stress social welfare programs. The Free Democratic Party (FDP), which is composed of those who consider themselves independents and heirs to the European liberal tradition. The Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS), which is the successor party to the SED (the communist party of the former German Democratic Republic). The Alliance 90/The Greens (Buendnis 90/Die Gruenen), which has an environmentalist, pacifist platform.

Allen Ginsberg essays

Allen Ginsberg essays Themes and Values of the Beat Generation As Expressed in Allen Ginsberg's Poetry Perhaps one of the most well known authors of the Beat Generation is a man we call Allen Ginsberg, who expresses the themes and values in his poetry. He was, in fact, the first Beat Writer to gain popular notice when he delivered a performance of his now famous poem, Æ’HowlÆ’Â °, in October of 1955. The Beat Generation is typically described as a vision, not an idea and being hard to define. It is characterized as Æ’a cultural revolution in process, made by a post-World War II generation of disaffiliated young people...without spiritual values they could honorÆ’Â ° (Charters XX). Although first condemned and criticized, it became a national phenomenon. Allen Ginsberg expressed the intangible beliefs of this generation in his poems about his childhood, curiosity, war, freedom of thought, and other people. Through Allen GinsbergÆ’Â ­s ideal individualism, he has been able to express the themes and values of the Beat Generation. Because of Allen GinsbergÆ’Â ­s tormented childhood, many of his poems were about his relationship with his mother and his own mental problems. Allen Ginsberg was born in Patterson, New Jersey to Louis and Naomi Ginsberg on June 3, 1926. His mother became insane during GinsbergÆ’Â ­s formative years. She was described as a paranoid schizophrenic, believing she was in danger from assassins and was spied on by everyone, including her own family members. For example, in the poem, Æ’HowlÆ’Â °, Ginsberg writes Æ’ I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness, starving hysterical naked...Æ’Â ° (Charters 62) of his mother, Naomi. This statement employs him as a witness to the destruction. Her struggle for sanity eventually led to the deterioration of her sons sound mind. Kaddish is a poem written by Ginsberg for his mother. It is 2. a relatively confessional poem and indirectly addresses the reader, or...

Musical Instrument Museum Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Musical Instrument Museum Analysis - Essay Example Hulusi: this instrument combines both bamboo and gourd material to produce a reed wind instrument that is played by blowing. It has three pieces but blowing is done in the center piece to produce a pure sound that looks like that of a clarinet. The instrument is widely used feelings of softness and tenderness. There are many instruments presented in the film that are also showcased in the Musical Instrument Museum. The Musical Instrument Museum contains many Chinese musical instruments from the ancient times to the modern instruments that have been incorporated in mainstream music including rock, orchestra, bands, and operas among others. Some of the instruments that are presented both in the films and the Musical Instrument Museum include; Woodwinds, Double-Reed, Slit Drum, Short-Necked Lutes, Long-Necked Lute, Hammered Dulcimer, Gong, Free Reed, Flutes, Drums, Two-Stringed Fiddles, bells, Hulusi, Xiao, Xiao, Pipa, Suona, Dizi, Guzheng, Guzheng, Banhu, Xun, Flute, Erhu, Dulcimer, Hu qin, Hulus, Chimes and Sun among others. The Musical Instrument Museum showcases not only the Chinese musical instruments but also performance of Chinese ancient music featuring traditional melodies and modern melodies. The museum also presents modified Chinese instruments that have been influenced by European and western music. Just like in the film, the museum has organized the different Chinese instruments according to their origin, category and material used to make it.